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毛河光院士应邀来我组进行学术交流

  毛河光院士于2011年1月10日应邀访问我组并做了题为“Energy Frontier Research in Extreme Environment”的中关村论坛学术报告。

 

个人简介 :

Ho-kwang Mao
Geophysical Laboratory, Carnegie Institution


  Dave Mao received his Ph.D at University of Rochester, Rochester, USA in 1968. He is a world leader & pathfinder on high pressure science with prominent contributions extended from in house studies to developing large scale platform with synchrotron or neutron. He invented the Mao Bell type high pressure diamond anvil cell that has been widely used today for high pressure experiments. He is the author or coauthors of more than 900 peer reviewed scientific publications including over 80 on Nature, Science or Phys. Rev. Lett. with H factor > 80. He is the recipient of the prestigious P. W. Bridgman Gold Medal Award selected by International High Pressure Community (1989); Arthur L. Day Prize of National Academy of Science (1990); Gregori Aminoff Prize of Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences (2005); the Balzan Prize of Balzan Foundation of Italy and Switzerland (2005), Roebling Medal of Mineralogical Society of America(2005), Inge Lehmann Medal of American Geophysical Union (2007), etc. He is member of National Academy of Science of USA, Foreign member of Chinese Academy of Sciences, People’s Republic of China, Foreign Member of The Royal Society of UK. He is currently serving as Co-Director (since 2003) of Carnegie/DOE Alliance Center (CDAC); Director (since 2007) of High Pressure Synergitic Center (HPSynC); Director (since 2009) of DOE Center for Energy Frontier Research Under Extreme Environments (EFree).

 

报告内容摘要:

  At the turn of the 21st Century, the critical shortage of abundant, affordable, and clean energy demands greatly accelerated advances in energy research on materials. The high-pressure dimension offers enormous new areas for the next-generation breakthroughs in energy sciences. The next-generation high-pressure exploration must first start with the development of a full array of enabling tools, from first-principles computational methods and analytical probes to new pressure vessels. We now have a rare opportunity to bridge the gap between the state-of-the-art synchrotron and neutron probes and high-pressure apparatus, thus maximizing the potential of these probes for high-pressure energy exploration.

  Pressure drastically and categorically alters all phonon, electronic, magnetic, structural and chemical properties, and pushes materials across conventional barriers between insulators and superconductors, amorphous and crystalline solids, ionic and covalent compounds, and vigorously reactive and inert chemicals. Most promising is that an increasing number of novel materials with unique properties discovered at high pressures can be stabilized at low pressure; some of these can even be recreated through alternative chemical paths. High-pressure research thus meets energy challenge in four categories:

Revealing novel phenomena, materials, and processes,

Discoveries at high pressures, recoveries for ambient energy applications,

Fine-tuning materials properties for fundamental understanding of physical and chemical principles,

Designing energy-specific materials and processes.